06
接种疫苗
可有效降低“新冠后遗症”发生率
世界卫生组织认为，新冠病毒感染的严重程度跟后遗症没有关系，但接种过有效的新冠病毒疫苗可以显著降低新冠后遗症的发生率。
美国疾控中心也认为，接种过疫苗的人，即便发生突破性感染，康复后较不容易罹患“新冠后遗症”。
07
对我们有什么警示？
读完全文你会发现，其实，“新冠后遗症”更接近于一种创伤后的应激反应，而且随着时间流逝，疾病会逐渐缓解，甚至消失。所以对大部分的个人来说，“新冠后遗症”只是一个不大的麻烦，是可以面对的。
但是，对社会层面来说，如果有许多这样的个人，那么个人健康问题将会积少成多，放大成为一个严重的群体医疗卫生问题。面对大量的新冠后遗症的医疗负担，需要医学界的充分准备，包括对发病机制、治疗措施的研究。以英国为例，今年政府已经投入 5000 万英镑，用于研究“新冠后遗症”[4]。
对我们普通人来说，我们一方面没必要过度恐惧——放下恐惧，我们就已经在一定程度上战胜“新冠后遗症”了。另一方面，我们需要及时接种有效的新冠疫苗及加强针——各个医学权威机构都认为接种疫苗能有效降低“新冠后遗症”的发生率。
如果你身边还有亲朋好友尚未全程接种疫苗，请务必把本文转发给他们。
参考文献：
[1] World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 condition. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-post-covid-19-condition
[2] Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html
[3] Han JH, Womack KN, Tenforde MW, et al. Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network. Associations between persistent symptoms after mild COVID-19 and long-term health status, quality of life, and psychological distress. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2022 Jul;16(4):680-689. doi: 10.1111/irv.12980. Epub 2022 Mar 28. PMID: 35347854; PMCID: PMC9111447.
[4] Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK: 7 April 2022. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/7april2022
[5] Zhang J, Shi W, Zou M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022 Oct 28:1–10. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01945-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36307637; PMCID: PMC9616422.
[6] Kaynar M, Gomes ALQ, Sokolakis I, et al. Tip of the iceberg: erectile dysfunction and COVID-19. Int J Impot Res. 2022 Mar;34(2):152-157. doi: 10.1038/s41443-022-00540-0. Epub 2022 Feb 12. PMID: 35152276; PMCID: PMC8853253.
[7] Sevim M, Alkis O, Kartal G, Telli S, Aras B. A factor not to be ignored in post-COVID-19 erectile dysfunction; psychological effect, a prospective study. Andrologia. 2022 Aug;54(7):e14443. doi: 10.1111/and.14443. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PMID: 35445425; PMCID: PMC9111346.
[8] Harirugsakul K, Wainipitapong S, Phannajit J, et al. Erectile dysfunction after COVID-19 recovery: A follow-up study. PLoS One. 2022 Oct 20;17(10):e0276429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276429. PMID: 36264947; PMCID: PMC9584530.
[9] Malki MI. COVID-19 and male infertility: An overview of the disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jul 8;101(27):e29401. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029401. PMID: 35801743; PMCID: PMC9258969.
[10] Hernandez-Romieu AC, Carton TW, Saydah S, et al. Prevalence of Select New Symptoms and Conditions Among Persons Aged Younger Than 20 Years and 20 Years or Older at 31 to 150 Days After Testing Positive or Negative for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(2):e2147053.
[11] Barrett CE, Koyama AK, Alvarez P, et al. Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged<18 Years - United States, March 1, 2020-June 28, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 14;71(2):59-65. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7102e2. PMID: 35025851; PMCID: PMC8757617.
[12] Hernandez-Romieu AC, Leung S, Mbanya A, et al. Health Care Utilization and Clinical Characteristics of Nonhospitalized Adults in an Integrated Health Care System 28-180 Days After COVID-19 Diagnosis - Georgia, May 2020-March 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Apr 30;70(17):644-650. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7017e3. PMID: 33914727; PMCID: PMC8084119.
作者：丁超 中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院医师
